The battle for talent within the EU is a story about both brain drain and gain. Of the 17 million people aged 15–64 migrating within the EU1, around 4.5 million are highly skilled workers and students. Factors known for attracting these people from their home regions are economic growth, higher wages, robust social security, linguistic and cultural similarity, relatively easier access to the labour market and higher employment rates.2
In contrast, the brain drain phenomenon arises when a region can not compete and suffers a permanent loss of skilled workers or students.
Nord-Norge is a “receiving” region, with more people moving in than out. In 2017 the net migration rate was 1.9 persons per 1,000 inhabitants.
Receiving regions are generally found in northern areas of the EU, e.g Sweden, Ireland, Estonia, Denmark and the UK.
The battle for the brains
The nature of the migration flows differs considerably across Europe. Some regions attract and gain highly educated workers, while others lose them. In this section we look closer at the education level of the newcomers, compared to the domestic population. Do the migrants4 affect the supply of skilled labour?
These are some of the key findings for Nord-Norge:
- Europeans that have moved to Nord-Norge have about the same education level as the workers born in Norway (35 percent of EU movers have higher education).
- Nord-Norge ranks average in the EU for receiving highly educated migrants. 5
- In the past ten years the education level among EU migrants in Nord-Norge has fallen considerably (-13 percent points). In Norway the trend is also decreasing, but not as fast.
- In the same time the education level among the whole workforce in Nord-Norge has increased (+7 percent points).
Region | Share of EU migrants that have higher education | |
---|---|---|
1. | Oslo og Akershus | 49% |
2. | Trøndelag | 42% |
3. | Vestlandet | 41% |
4. | Agder og Rogaland | 39% |
5. | Hedmark og Oppland | 39% |
6. | Sør-Østlandet | 36% |
7. | Nord-Norge | 35% |
Lower employment than domestic workforce
In general, highly educated workers in the EU that have moved to another EU country find employment at more or less the same level as the domestic workforce.
In Nord-Norge the employment rate for highly educated newcomers is lower than the rate for workers born in Norway (83 percent compared to 89 percent among all educated workers in Nord-Norge).
Region | Employment level among highly educted EU workers | |
---|---|---|
1. | Hedmark og Oppland | 98% |
2. | Sør-Østlandet | 92% |
3. | Vestlandet | 91% |
4. | Oslo og Akershus | 89% |
5. | Trøndelag | 87% |
6. | Nord-Norge | 83% |
7. | Agder og Rogaland | 81% |
What about the future? Reports on the modern knowledge economy say that high skilled immigration will continue to boost economic growth in the attractive regions. Income differentials combined with differences in living standards between regions will remain the primary driver of economic migration. The demand for skilled labour is robust. By 2025 nearly half of all new expected job openings in the EU is expected to target highly qualified workers6.